ITER cryogenic system

The main ITER cryogenic users are the superconducting magnets together with the 80 K thermal shields. The key requirements that drive the design of the ITER cryogenic system are the intrinsically pulsed heat deposition in the magnets due to electromagnetic field and nuclear heating cyclic variations, and the usage of large flow capacity helium circulating pumps for forced-flow cooling of the magnets. This paper highlights the main features of the ITER cryogenic system, including the results of studies to mitigate pulsed heat loads on the helium refrigerator and minimize the heat load from helium circulating pumps.