MHD stabilities of liquid metal jet flows with gradient magnetic field

Liquid metal free surface flows (films, jets and droplets) are considered as prospective coolants in diverter/limiter system and first wall in fusion reactor, but the knowledge of liquid metal free surface, particularly jet flows, is very limited. In this article, the stability of a jet flow under a gradient magnetic field is investigated, and its MHD effects are the top concern. Firstly, a simplified model is developed to analyze the MHD effects of the jet flow and to explain the reason why it can keep stable, and the examination of the induced electric potential and currents of the jet flow is also included. Secondly, numerical simulation based on the approach of solving the electric potential equation was proceeded to support the theoretical analysis. Finally, experiments with different value of B0 (maximum value of the magnetic field) and v0v0 (average fluid velocity at the nozzle exit), and different kind of nozzle were performed on the Liquid Metal Experimental Loop (LMEL) in Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), and there's a good agreement with experimental data and theoretical results. Qualitatively, a jet flow under a gradient magnetic field can keep its shape stable due to electromagnetic (EM) force in its direction and the compressed EM force in its cross-section, meanwhile, the reduction in velocity leads to a shorter range distance and a lager radius of cross-section of the jet flow. These effects are closely related to the parameters of the radius of the nozzle, the values of B0 and v0v0.