Characterization of Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammatory Responses Produced by Lung Re-expansion After One-Lung Ventilation

ObjectivesTo characterize the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses of rats undergoing 1-hour or 3-hour one-lung ventilation (OLV) with subsequent 1-hour lung re-expansion.DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled animal experiment.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsThirty male Wistar rats were used.InterventionsRats were subjected to 1- or 3-hour OLV followed or not by 1-hour lung re-expansion. Control rats received no ventilation.Measurements and Main ResultsPulmonary protein extravasation, pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), counts of total and differential cells in BAL fluid, gasometric data, and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were all evaluated. Bronchial occlusion for 1 or 3 hours with no lung re-expansion did not significantly change the protein extravasation in the right and left lungs compared with the control group. However, rats submitted to 1- or 3-hour OLV followed by lung re-expansion exhibited pulmonary edema formation and neutrophil recruitment as well as a higher MPO activity in comparison with control rats. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in BAL fluid were observed. Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum also were detected. Blood gas and MABP did not differ between groups.ConclusionsLung re-expansion after bronchial occlusion evokes an acute lung inflammatory response, which has been shown to be more pronounced in long periods of bronchial occlusion in terms of cytokine inflammatory response. In addition, the magnitude of this inflammatory response also can be detected systemically.