The role of BAFF in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis

• BAFF is increased in autoimmune diseases and is correlated with disease activity.
• Expression of BAFF and its receptors are disturbances in the RA progression.
• BAFF is involved in cell–cell interactions network in RA.
• Clinical trials showed BAFF antagonists were effective and safe.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that is marked by a systemic inflammatory reaction and joint erosions. Elevated levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) have been detected in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients. Moreover, the levels of BAFF increase in cases of autoimmune disease and are correlated with the level of disease activity. As an innate cytokine mediator, BAFF affects the immune response of the synovial microenvironment. In this review, we consider recent observations of BAFF and its receptors in RA progression, as well as the effects of BAFF on the cell–cell interactions network. We also summarize the clinical development of BAFF antagonists for the treatment of RA.