Prolactin and growth hormone induce differential cytokine and chemokine profile in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro: Involvement of p-38 MAP kinase, STAT3 and NF-κB

The role of immune-neuroendocrine interactions in the autoimmune diseases is well recognized. Autoimmune rheumatoid diseases in their active phase have been characterized by high levels of prolactin (PRL) as well as proinflammatory cytokines which suggest a co-relationship between them. In the present study, we have investigated the profile of cytokines secreted by macrophages on treatment with PRL and growth hormone (GH) in vitro. Significantly enhanced production of cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p40 and IFN-γ was observed on treatment of macrophages with PRL or GH. However, higher doses of PRL (1000 ng/ml) induced the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, with significant abrogation in production of proinflammatory cytokines. It is further observed that PRL and GH induced the production of chemokines MIP-1α and RANTES. PRL but not GH selectively induced significantly enhanced production of MCP-1 and IP-10. It is further shown that p38 MAP kinase, STAT3 and NF-κB could play a differential regulatory role in PRL or GH induced production of cytokines by macrophages.