Ectopic synthesis of vitellogenin in testis and epididymis of estrogen-treated lizard Podarcis sicula

• The article describes E2 effects on lizard Podarcis sicula testis and epididymis.
• E2 stimulates ectopic expression and synthesis of VTG in testis and epididymis.
• E2 does not stimulate VTG receptor expression in testis and epididymis.
• E2 affects spermatogenesis.
• E2 impairs the reproductive cycle of the lizard Podarcis sicula.

In oviparous vertebrates, vitellogenin (VTG) is the major yolk precursor synthesized in the liver of sexually mature females during the reproductive period. In males, the VTG gene is silent, but it may be activated by estradiol-17β (E2) or estrogen-like substances. Until now, extra-hepatic expression and synthesis of VTG after estrogen exposure has been reported only for aquatic vertebrates. This study demonstrates the ability of testis and epididymis of the terrestrial oviparous lacertid Podarcis sicula to synthesize VTG following E2 exposure. The results of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis show the presence of both VTG mRNA and protein in these districts besides the known induction in the liver. The possible contemporaneous uptake of the E2-induced hepatic VTG by means of the specific vitellogenin receptor has been also evaluated. Finally, histological analysis shows that the E2-treatment during the mating season impairs spermatogenesis.