Comparison of some of the physicochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetic and normal human bones: a sample study

AimThe aim of this study was to compare some of the physicochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetic bones (DBs) and normal bones (NBs).Materials and methodsThe organic and inorganic parts of human NBs and DBs were separated using conventional methods, and their physicochemical characteristics were compared using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe IR spectrum of the collagen part of DBs has showed the presence of carbonyl groups, indicating cross-linking in the α-chain. This was also confirmed by the increased thermal stability (22°C) in DB collagen. The XRD data of the inorganic part of DBs have revealed decreased crystallinity. SEM images of the inorganic part of DBs have shown a porous (weak) nature compared to those of NBs, which exhibited a compact (healthy) nature.ConclusionThe cross-linking in DB collagen molecules and the decreased and defective crystallinity in the inorganic portion of DBs might be the reasons for the increased risk of fracture among diabetic patients.