Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and soluble E-selectin are associated with micro- and macrovascular complications in Type 1 diabetic patients

ObjectiveThere are no large studies in Type 1 diabetic patients that have examined the relation between soluble adhesion molecules and micro- and macrovascular outcomes, although the risks of such complications are high. Therefore, the main objective is to examine the relationship between soluble (s) vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and sE-selectin and retinopathy, albuminuria, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Type 1 diabetic patients.MethodsCross-sectional data on 540 Type 1 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 40 years and diabetes duration of 22 years, from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (PCS) were analysed. Retinopathy was assessed by centrally graded retinal photographs. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was used to define micro- and macroalbuminuria. CVD was defined as having physician diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or angina, or Minnesota coded ischaemic electrocardiograms (ECGs).ResultsUnadjusted, there was a positive relationship between sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin with nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy, micro- and macroalbuminuria, and CVD. After adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (BP), LDL-cholesterol, fasting triglycerides (TGs), smoking, body mass index (BMI), and glycated haemoglobin, as well as other complications, the strongest significant associations were shown between sVCAM-1 and macroalbuminuria, with an odds ratio of 1.83 (1.33–2.53) for every 100 ng/ml increase in sVCAM-1.ConclusionsIn this large sample of Type 1 diabetic patients, it was shown that sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin have positive associations with retinopathy, albuminuria, and CVD. This suggests that adhesion molecules are important in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in Type 1 diabetes.