Mechanism of tissue factor production by monocytes stimulated with neutrophil elastase

BackgroundMonocytes and neutrophils are activated during disseminated intravascular coagulation. Tissue factor, the main initiator of coagulation, is expressed by monocytes, while elastase is released by neutrophils.AimsThis study investigated tissue factor production by peripheral monocytes after stimulation with human neutrophil elastase.MethodsTissue factor mRNA levels were investigated by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and tissue factor protein production was assessed by western blotting when monocytes were exposed to neutrophil elastase with or without preincubation using various inhibitors.ResultsNeutrophil elastase upregulated tissue factor mRNA and protein levels in monocytes. Both U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) and TMB-8 (intracellular calcium antagonist) prevented the upregulation of tissue factor mRNA. SB203580 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor) suppressed this response, but PD98059 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor) did not. Ro-318425 (ATP-competitive and selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) and Go 6976 (inhibitor of conventional PKCs and PKCμ) blocked the upregulation of tissue factor mRNA expression. Go 6983 (broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor) and CGP 4125 (staurosporine analog) partially attenuated it, as did a PKC theta/delta inhibitor.ConclusionsNeutrophil elastase mainly enhances tissue factor production by monocytes via the phospholipase C/conventional PKC/p38 MAPK pathway, although a novel PKC is also involved.