کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
2830594 1570724 2016 11 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Polarization of immune responses in fish: The ‘macrophages first’ point of view
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
پلاریزاسیون واکنش های ایمنی در ماهی: ماکروفاژها اولیه هستند؟ نقطه نظر
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری بیوشیمی، ژنتیک و زیست شناسی مولکولی زیست شناسی مولکولی
چکیده انگلیسی


• Teleost fish macrophages can express M1 and M2 phenotypes.
• Inducible nitric oxide synthase, NOS-2, is a marker for fish M1 macrophages.
• Arginase-2 is a marker for fish M2 macrophages.
• NOS-2 and ARG-2 are interesting candidates for the generation of zebrafish reporter lines.

In this review, we support taking polarized immune responses in teleost fish from a ‘macrophage first’ point of view, a hypothesis that reverts the dichotomous T helper (TH)1 and TH2 driving forces by building on the idea of conservation of innate immune responses in lower vertebrates. It is plausible that the initial trigger for macrophage polarization into M1 (inflammation) or M2 (healing) could rely only on sensing microbial/parasite infection or other innate danger signals, without the influence of adaptive immunity. Given the long and ongoing debate on the presence/absence of a typical TH1 cytokine environment and, in particular, TH2 cytokine environment in fish immune responses, it stands out that the presence of macrophages with polarized phenotypes, alike M1 and M2, have been relatively easy to demonstrate for fish. We summarize in short present knowledge in teleost fish on those cytokines considered most critical to the dichotomous development of TH1/M1 and TH2/M2 polarization, in particular, but not exclusively, interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. We review, in more detail, polarization of fish immune responses taken from the macrophage point of view for which we adopted the simple nomenclature of M1 and M2. We discuss inducible nitric oxide synthase, or NOS-2, as a reliable M1 marker and arginase-2 as a reliable M2 marker for teleost fish and discuss the value of these macrophage markers for the generation of zebrafish reporter lines to study M1/M2 polarization in vivo.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Molecular Immunology - Volume 69, January 2016, Pages 146–156
نویسندگان
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