A novel disulfide-stabilized single-chain variable antibody fragment against rabies virus G protein with enhanced in vivo neutralizing potency

Rabies is a fatal infectious disease requiring efficient protection provided by post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). The single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) is a small engineered antigen binding protein derived from antibody variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains. This novel antibody format may potentially replace the current application of RIG to detect and neutralize rabies virus (RV). However, the broad use of scFvs is confined by their generally low stability. In this study, a scFv (FV57) was constructed based on the monoclonal antibody, MAB57, against RV. To enhance its stability and neutralizing potency, a disulfide-stabilized scFv, ds-FV57, was also derived by introduction of cysteines at VH44 and VL100. Furthermore, the cysteine at VL85 of ds-FV57 was mutated to serine to construct ds-FV57VL85Ser in order to avoid potential mis-formed disulfide bonds which would alter the affinity of the scFv. The stability and activity of all three proteins expressed in Escherichia coli were evaluated. All of the constructed scFvs could provide efficient protection against RV infection both in vivo and in vitro. However, the stability of ds-FV57VL85Ser was notably improved, and its in vitro neutralizing potency against RV infection was enhanced. Our findings from these stabilization modifications support the feasibility of developing scFvs for PEP treatment of rabies.

► Three novel scFvs against rabies virus were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli.
► The stability of the scFv was enhanced by disulfide-stabilization.
► All the scFvs were protective against rabies in postexposure prophylaxis model.
► The in vivo/in vitro neutralizing activity of the disulfide-stabilized scFv was also enhanced.