Four-Year Clinical Follow-Up After Implantation of the Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent: ENDEAVOR I, the First-in-Human Study

The Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES; Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA) has been found to provide event-free clinical outcomes to 2 years for the treatment of symptomatic CAD by suppressing neointimal proliferation of the target lesion. The clinical outcomes of patients treated with the Endeavor ZES were evaluated at 4 years after implantation. One hundred consecutive patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease due to de novo stenotic lesions of native coronary arteries were treated with the Endeavor ZES at 8 centers according to a standardized procedure. At 4 years, 3 patients were lost to follow-up analysis. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; defined as death, myocardial infarction, emergent cardiac surgery, or repeat revascularization of the target lesion) was 2% at 4 months, 2% at 1 year, 3% at 2 years, 6.1% at 3 years, and 7.2% at 4 years. The difference in these rates was due to 4 deaths caused by cancer (metastatic melanoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, small-cell cancer of the bladder, and lung carcinoma). From 2–4 years, there was an additional reported case of target lesion revascularization (TLR). A single case of stent thrombosis occurred at 10 days after the index procedure but no cases occurred thereafter. The treatment of patients with symptomatic CAD due to de novo lesions in native coronary arteries with the Endeavor ZES has sustained clinical benefits to 4 years, with very low rates of MACE and TLR.