Type 2 diabetes: An epidemic or not, and why it is happening

SummaryThis article reviews several aspects of the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, and the evidence suggesting its occurrence. There is considerable evidence for a rising epidemic of diabetes in many countries of the world, with projected numbers of affected persons, and national prevalences likely to rise. Some of the increase in prevalence may relate to improved medical management of the condition, but the major risk factors—reduced physical activity, and increased obesity are likely to be increasing. This also seems to be causing the appearance of type 2 diabetes in new groups, such as children and adolescents, although the older population remains the most affected.