Short and long-term mortality in women and men undergoing primary angioplasty: A comprehensive meta-analysis

IntroductionWomen with acute myocardial infarction are treated less aggressively than men and have a higher mortality. It is possible that these sex-related differences in outcome are a result of differences in baseline risk and management.Methods and resultsWe undertook a meta-analysis to study the differences in mortality among women and men with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Studies reporting sex-specific crude mortality rates and/or adjusted effect estimates in STEMI patients undergoing P-PCI were identified. Among 48 studies, involving 103,895 patients, (26,556 women and 77,337 men), the crude in-hospital [pooled relative risk (RR): 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.74–2.16, p < 0.001; 23 studies (n = 43,872)], 30-day [RR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.50–2.07, p < 0.001; 20 studies (n = 43,279)], and long-term [RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.46–1.76, p < 0.001; 26 studies (n = 51,656)] mortality was significantly higher in women compared to men. When meta-analysis using adjusted effect estimates from individual studies was performed, in-hospital [RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08–1.65, p = 0.007; 14 studies (n = 33,380)] and 30-day mortality [RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, p = 0.03; 14 studies (n = 28,564)] remained significant while long-term mortality [RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.11, p = 0.75; 20 studies (n = 52,492)] was no longer different between women and men.ConclusionsSex-based differences exist in short and long-term mortality among patients with STEMI undergoing P-PCI. However, these differences were markedly attenuated following adjustment for clinical differences and/or hospital course. Despite adjustment, short-term mortality remains higher in women than men, while long-term mortality was no longer significantly different.