Long-term incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in adults

BackgroundThe long-term risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF) after trascatheter atrial septal defects (ASD) closure in adults is unknown.MethodsWe studied 134 patients who have undergone transcatheter ASD closure at our institution at an age of > 18 years (mean age 39 ± 16 years); Patients were followed-up for 4.8 ± 2.7 years (range 0.8–9.6 years). We assessed the presence of AFF both before and after ASD closure using standard 12 lead ECGs or 24h ambulatory Holter monitors.Results13 patients (10%) had documented AFF before the procedure (paroxysmal in 6, permanent in 7). Patients with AFF before the procedure were older (p < 0.0001), and had worse clinical condition (p = 0.0008). Patients without a history of AFF before the procedure and those who experienced paroxysmal AFF before the procedure had a very low annual risk (0%) of subsequent permanent AFF at long-term follow-up. Four patients with permanent AFF before the procedure (onset of < 12months) underwent electrical cardioversion immediately before ASD closure. Two of them (50%) are in sinus rhythm after 4.1 and 7.0 years, respectively.ConclusionsTranscatheter ASD closure performed in adults with no history of AFF or with a history of paroxysmal AFF before closure seems to protect from development of AFF in the long-term. In selected patients with permanent AFF at closure, device ASD closure together with arrhythmia cardioversion might be able to restore and maintain sinus rhythm in the long-term.