Serum uric acid is an independent predictor for all major forms of cardiovascular death in 28,613 elderly women: A prospective 21-year follow-up study

BackgroundThe role of serum uric acid (SUA) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. Little is known about its predictive value for mortality from congestive heart failure (CHF) and stroke, particularly in elderly, post-menopausal women.MethodsThe relation of SUA to risk of death from total CVD, CHF, stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined prospectively in a large cohort of 28613 elderly Austrian women (mean age 62.3 years), followed-up for a median of 15.2 years. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to evaluate SUA as an independent predictor for fatal CVD events.ResultsSUA in the highest quartile (≥ 5.41 mg/dL) was significantly associated with mortality from total CVD (p < 0.0001), showing a clear dose–response relationship; the adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) in comparison to the lowest SUA quartile was 1.35 (1.20–1.52). In subgroup analyses SUA was independently predictive for deaths from acute and subacute (p < 0.0001) and chronic forms (p = 0.035) of CHD, yielding adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest SUA quartile of 1.58 (1.19–2.10) and 1.25 (1.01–1.56), respectively. SUA was further significantly related to fatal CHF (p < 0.0001) and stroke (p = 0.018); the adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest SUA quartile were 1.50 (1.04–2.17) and 1.37 (1.09–1.74), respectively.ConclusionsThese findings, for the first time, demonstrate that SUA is an independent predictor for all major forms of death from CVD including acute, subacute and chronic forms of CHD, CHF and stroke in elderly, post-menopausal women.