Limitation of Angiography to Identify the Culprit Plaque in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Coronary Total Occlusion: Utility of Coronary Plaque Temperature Measurement to Identify the Culprit Plaque

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the maximal temperature (Tmax) site, as measured by thermal wire, coincides with the culprit plaque by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).BackgroundSubsequent thrombosis developing to the proximal region from the site of plaque rupture or erosion can potentially complicate the ability of coronary angiography to identify the accurate culprit plaque in patients with coronary total occlusion.MethodsIn 45 consecutive patients with a first anterior AMI, the Tmax site by thermal wire and the culprit plaque by IVUS were evaluated in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).ResultsTwenty-five patients had LAD total occlusion, and the remaining 20 had LAD reperfusion. In both groups of patients, the Tmax site was significantly more distal to the angiographically most stenotic site or occlusive site (reperfusion: mean distance [MD] = 1.1 mm distal, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3 to 1.9 mm, p = 0.01; total occlusion: MD = 8.8 mm distal, 95% CI 8.0 to 9.6 mm, p < 0.0001). The culprit plaques by IVUS approximately coincided with those by angiography or thermal wire in patients with reperfusion. However, the angiographic occlusive site was significantly more proximal to the culprit plaque by IVUS (MD = 9.2 mm, 95% CI 7.9 to 10.6 mm, p < 0.0001), but the Tmax site coincided with the culprit plaque by IVUS (MD = 0.3 mm distal, 95% CI 0.3 mm proximal to 1.0 mm distal, p = 0.293) in patients with total occlusion.ConclusionsTemperature measurement of coronary plaque enables accurate localization of the culprit plaque in AMI with coronary total occlusion.