Treatment with cilostazol improves clinical outcome after endovascular therapy in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease

BackgroundCilostazol has been reported to prevent atherosclerotic events in the general population. However, data have been limited whether there are beneficial effects of cilostazol use on long-term clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy in hemodialysis (HD) patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).Methods and resultsThis study consisted of 595 HD patients undergoing endovascular therapy for a clinical diagnosis of PAD. They were divided into two groups: patients receiving 100 mg cilostazol twice daily in conjunction with standard therapy (n = 249 patients, cilostazol group) and those not administered cilostazol (n = 346 patients, control group). A propensity score analysis was performed to adjust for baseline differences between the two groups. The propensity score-adjusted 10-year event-free survival rate from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was significantly higher in the cilostazol group than in the control group [58.6% vs. 43.7%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.79; p = 0.0010]. Notably, the adjusted stroke-free rate was significantly higher in the cilostazol group than in the control group (81.6% vs. 74.7%; HR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.92, p = 0.028). Even after adjusting for other confounders, treatment with cilostazol was an independent predictor for prevention of MACE and stroke (p = 0.0028 and p = 0.039, respectively).ConclusionsCilostazol administration improves long-term clinical outcomes including prevention of MACE and stroke after endovascular therapy in HD patients with PAD.