Sex-related differences in age-associated downregulation of human ventricular myocardial β1-adrenergic receptors

Sex affects age-related β-AR downregulation in normal human ventricles, with females exhibiting more profound decreases with increasing age. The curvilinear relationship between age and receptor density that plateaus around age 40 in women suggests an effect of sex hormones on β1-AR expression in the human heart.