Stem cells and bronchial stump healing

ObjectiveBronchial stump dehiscence is still the most feared complication for the thoracic surgeon, with mortality rates ranging from 25% to 75%. This study reports the histologic effect of adult stem cells in the healing process of the bronchial stump after lung resection.MethodsA left pneumonectomy was performed in 36 Wistar rats. Half of them received previously labeled bone marrow-derived stem cells applied to the bronchial stump. In each group, 7 rats were sacrificed on day 7 and 11 rats were sacrificed on day 21. Macroscopic variables and histopathologic features were analyzed.ResultsOn days 7 and 21, there were fewer adhesions in the stem cell group (P = .042 and .031, respectively). Bronchial stump restitutio ad integrum on day 21 was found predominantly in rats from the stem cell group (P = .012). At that time, the same group showed significantly less inflammation in every layer of the stump (P < .050).ConclusionsBone marrow-derived stem cells administered topically on a bronchial stump are able to migrate, reach the bronchial wall, and participate in the healing process. This induces fewer adhesions, less inflammatory response, and better regeneration of the tissue.