Hyperglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease

Data describing the association between intraoperative and postoperative glucose measurements in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease and neurodevelopment is mixed. Several studies have demonstrated associations of specific cut points of hyperglycemia with increased risk for neurodevelopmental injury. Additionally, concern has been demonstrated that the duration and timing of hyperglycemia may play a role on its impact on initial neurologic injury and later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Comparison of studies is difficult at best because of the variability in patient selection, definition of hyperglycemia, duration of glucose measurement and assessment timing and tool for neurologic injury and later neurodevelopmental outcome. Data to date would suggest the need for continued investigation and concern with particular attention applied to specific age groups, timing of potential intervention on hyperglycemia and the potential need for different cut points, criteria and treatment plans based on specific patient characteristics.