General formula for the estimation of global solar radiation on earth’s surface around the globe

The data such as global solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind and moisture, was collected from 875 stations around the globe. Of which data from 210 stations fairly spread on the earth surface was used to develop the formula for estimating the monthly average daily global radiation on a horizontal surface. In this study, using air temperature, relative humidity, wind, moisture and few derived parameters as independent variables, the most accurate equations have been obtained. The results show that the general formula developed could be used for the estimation of solar radiation with the local site parameters. Thus developed models have been validated with remaining 665 data sites. Finally two candidate models have been proposed. These models are capable of covering 50% of the land area on earth surface between latitude ±30°, enabling estimation accuracy to 93% of sites, with an estimation error (RMSE) limiting to 15%. Thus it is envisaged that, the proposed equations (models) can be used to estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation in area where the radiation data is missing or not available. This helps in assessing the solar energy potential over necessitated area.

► Knowledge of the available solar energy is necessary for many applications.
► This paper brings-out a robust empirical relation for estimation of GSR.
► 10P model is capable of estimating the GSR for any location on 50% of earth surface within 15% RMSE.
► Larger area could be covered with a little higher RMSE.