Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Biomarkers in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population. DARIOS Inflammatory Study

Introduction and objectivesThere is a paucity of data regarding the differences in the biomarker profiles of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus as compared to a healthy, normal weight population. We aimed to study the biomarker profile of the metabolic risk continuum defined by the transition from normal weight to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe performed a pooled analysis of data from 7 cross-sectional Spanish population-based surveys. An extensive panel comprising 20 biomarkers related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipids, inflammation, coagulation, oxidation, hemodynamics, and myocardial damage was analyzed. We employed age- and sex-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models for the identification of those biomarkers associated with the metabolic risk continuum phenotypes: obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.ResultsA total of 2851 subjects were included for analyses. The mean age was 57.4 (8.8) years, 1269 were men (44.5%), and 464 participants were obese, 443 had metabolic syndrome, 473 had diabetes mellitus, and 1471 had a normal weight (healthy individuals). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B100, leptin, and insulin were positively associated with at least one of the phenotypes of interest. Apolipoprotein A1 and adiponectin were negatively associated.ConclusionsThere are differences between the population with normal weight and that having metabolic syndrome or diabetes with respect to certain biomarkers related to the metabolic, inflammatory, and lipid profiles. The results of this study support the relevance of these mechanisms in the metabolic risk continuum. When metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are compared, these differences are less marked.

ResumenIntroducción y objetivosNo se ha estudiado en comparación con normopeso el perfil de los biomarcadores relacionados con obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes mellitus. Se pretende caracterizar el perfil de biomarcadores en el continuo de riesgo metabólico definido por la transición de normopeso a obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes mellitus.MétodosAnálisis transversal de datos agrupados procedentes de siete estudios poblacionales españoles. Se determinaron 20 biomarcadores del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono y los lípidos, inflamatorios, de coagulación, oxidación, hemodinámicos y de lesión miocárdica. Se realizaron modelos de regresión multinomial ajustados para los fenotipos sano, obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes mellitus.ResultadosSe incluyó a 2.851 participantes, con media de edad de 57,4 ± 8,8 años; 1.269 (44,5%) eran varones; 464 sujetos tenían obesidad; 443, síndrome metabólico; 473, diabetes mellitus, y 1.471, normopeso (sujetos sanos). Los biomarcadores que mostraron asociación positiva significativa con al menos uno de los fenotipos clínicos de interés fueron la proteína C reactiva de alta sensibilidad, la apolipoproteína B100, la leptina y la insulina. La apolipoproteina A1 y la adiponectina mostraron asociación negativa.ConclusionesEl grupo de normopeso, y algo menos la obesidad, se diferencian del síndrome metabólico y la diabetes mellitus en su perfil metabólico, inflamatorio y lipídico, lo que indica la relevancia de estos mecanismos en el continuo del riesgo metabólico. Estas diferencias son menores entre el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes mellitus.