Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerotic lesions and platelet activation in high fat diet-induced prothrombotic state

IntroductionEarlier we have demonstrated a prothrombotic state in spontaneously atherogenic rodents kept on Western-style high fat diet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular mechanism of such prothrombotic state.Materials and methodsTwo kinds of diets, Western-style high fat diet containing 20% fat (w/w) and 0.05% cholesterol (w/w) and low fat diet containing 7% fat without cholesterol based on AIN93G, were added to diet-sensitive apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double deficient male mice for 12 or 18 weeks from 6 weeks of age. Atherosclerosis was assessed by morphometry of the aortic wall or lipid-stained lesions. Endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) of the femoral artery. Platelet reactivity was measured ex vivo by a shear-induced platelet aggregation test.Results and conclusions12 weeks feeding of mice with high fat diet significantly impaired FMV, as compared with mice fed with low fat diet (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the lipid-stained areas and in the reactivity of platelets between the two groups. 18 weeks feeding with high fat diet significantly impaired FMV (P < 0.05) and enhanced both lipid-stained areas (P < 0.05) and platelet reactivity (P < 0.01). These findings show that in high fat diet-induced prothrombotic state, endothelial dysfunction precedes both the morphologically detectable lesions and the enhancement of platelet reactivity.