Endothelium-Driven Myocardial Growth or Nitric Oxide at the Crossroads

Endothelium lining the coronary vasculature and the heart chambers is a dynamic sensor that serves a variety of functions including bidirectional communications with cardiac myocytes. Among endothelium-released factors, nitric oxide exerts multifactorial effects on various cell types in the heart and may play a role in growth of the vasculature and myocardial hypertrophy. This review summarizes new data regarding the endothelium-to-myocyte signaling focusing on its role in regulation of cardiac hypertrophy through a nitric-oxide-mediated paracrine signal.