N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the insular cortex modulate baroreflex in unanesthetized rats

The results suggest that synapses within the IC have a tonic excitatory influence on the baroreflex parasympathetic component. Moreover, the present data suggest that local NMDA-receptors are involved in the IC-mediated tonic excitatory influence on baroreflex parasympathetic activity.