Influence of the local application of sodium alendronate gel on osseointegration of titanium implants

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of aspects of the osseointegration of titanium implants placed with and without the local application of a bisphosphonate agent, after 28 days in vivo. The study involved the placement of 50 commercially pure titanium implants in the middle third of the tibia of 10 rabbits, with the right tibia used as the control and the left as the test site. Sodium alendronate gel was applied locally in the test group and sterile saline solution in the control group. After euthanasia, 10 implants from each group were analyzed for maximum removal torque. The remainder of the sample was processed to obtain non-decalcified slides, approximately 30 μm thick, for histomorphological and histomorphometric analyses, including bone–implant contact (%BIC). Data were analyzed at the 5% level of significance. The removal torque values of the test group were, on average, half those obtained in the control group. The test group showed a lower %BIC and notable changes in bone quality. It is concluded that the initial events in the osseointegration of titanium implants are not favoured by the local application of sodium alendronate gel in rabbits.