Tissue-Engineered Bone With 3-Dimensionally Printed β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Polycaprolactone Scaffolds and Early Implantation: An In Vivo Pilot Study in a Porcine Mandible Model

3D printed β-TCP and PCL scaffolds seeded with pBMPCs and implanted early into porcine mandibular defects display good bone penetration depth. Further study with a larger sample and larger bone defects should be performed before human applications.