Osteoblastic Differentiation and Mineralization Ability of Periosteum-Derived Cells Compared With Bone Marrow and Calvaria-Derived Cells

PDCs have remarkable proliferative ability, but contain only a small population of osteogenic cells compared with BMCs and OBs. Although cell activity can be affected by various factors, such as age, culture condition, additives, and so forth, PDCs are likely not the source of OBs, although they might provide matrices that indirectly aid in bone formation.