3-Dimensional Facial Simulation in Orthognathic Surgery: Is It Accurate?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy of 3D computer simulation of soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent orthognathic surgery were studied by photogrammetric facial scanning and cone-beam computed tomography before and after surgery. The photogrammetric scan was then fused to the cone-beam computed tomogram, creating a patient-specific image. The surgery was simulated in 3D form and the simulated soft tissue face was compared with the actual facial scan obtained 6 months postoperatively. Absolute millimeter differences between the simulated and actual postoperative changes in selected cephalometric skin markings were computed.ResultsThe study was composed of 23 subjects (mean age, 31 yr; 13 women and 10 men). Eighteen different cephalometric landmarks were measured (total, 28). For 15 landmarks, the difference between actual and simulated measurements was smaller than 0.5 mm. Only 3 landmarks had a difference of 0.5 mm, and these were in the region of the labial landmarks.ConclusionBased on the present study, 3-dimensional computer surgical simulation of the soft tissue of the face for routine orthognathic surgery is accurate enough for routine clinical use.