Increased Levels of Soluble Cytokine Receptors in the Synovial Fluid of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Relation to Joint Effusion on Magnetic Resonance Images

Increased levels of cytokine receptors are likely to influence the expression of JE and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TMD. These results also suggest that JE may reflect synovial inflammation of the TMJ.