Vulvovaginitis in the Prepubertal Child

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation of the vulva and vaginal tissues. Signs and symptoms include irritation and erythema of the vulva, vaginal discharge, soreness, itching, dysuria, excoriation of the area, and bleeding. It is one of the more common gynecological problems among prepubertal girls. In this review, we address methods of evaluation and physical findings in the prepubescent child. We will describe the causes of vulvovaginitis, which include physical, chemical, or infectious agents, and will discuss diagnostic testing and review the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from symptomatic prepubertal girls. This article will also review management strategies of improved hygiene and sitz baths and the indications for antibiotics.