Emergent Complications and Management of Children With End-Stage Renal Disease

End-stage renal disease is the result of complete or near-complete renal failure. Once renal function is lost, patients have difficulty eliminating excess fluids and waste from the body. Most pediatric patients rely on peritoneal dialysis for renal replacement, although a small population will undergo hemodialysis. A common complication of renal failure is electrolyte abnormalities, especially hyperkalemia. These patients are also at risk for catheter site infections as well as intraperitoneal infections. This article will review common disease complications and emergency care needs for children with end-stage renal disease.