Heat-Related Illness

Heat-related illnesses encompass disorders ranging from minor syndromes to life-threatening emergencies. The number of children suffering from heat-related illness is increasing. Because of physiologic differences and unique behavioral characteristics, children are at high risk for suffering heat-related illnesses. This article reviews physiologic responses to heat stress and highlights particular differences and behavioral considerations unique to children. It will address the diagnosis of heat-related illness in the emergency department, including the need for accurate temperature assessment and laboratory diagnostic tests. Management strategies follow a description of each illness. The science surrounding possible treatments for moderate to severe heat-related illness is reviewed.