Emergency Department Evaluation and Treatment for Children With Arthropod Envenomations: Immunologic and Toxicologic Considerations

Arthropod envenomations are a significant cause of environmental injury in children. Bees, wasps, and spiders inflict injury via specialized venoms with a broad range of components, mechanisms, and potential treatments. Immunologic and toxicologic considerations in the evaluation and management of arthropod envenomations are important for the understanding of the progression of envenomations, prompt diagnosis of severe conditions including anaphylaxis, and the use of antivenom in selected cases.