Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a clinical syndrome characterized by an abrupt, severe, life-threatening event with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal symptoms mediated by IgE and non-IgE immunologic reactions to a particular antigen. Several other syndromes have symptoms that may mimic those of anaphylaxis, and a rapid diagnostic laboratory test is not readily available in most emergency departments. Thus, it is important that physicians in the emergency department are familiar with the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and are able to distinguish this condition from disorders presenting with similar symptoms. Prompt recognition of anaphylaxis and initiation of treatment with epinephrine in a timely fashion is critical to prevent fatalities. This article will review the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, the common triggers, the clinical findings, the treatment and prevention of this disorder.