Distal metadiaphyseal tibial fractures

Extra-articular fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis, metadiaphyseal junction and adjacent diaphysis are distinct in their management from impaction derived “pilon”-type fractures and mid-diaphyseal fractures. The optimum management of these metadiaphyseal fractures is controversial, with advocates for intramedullary nail, plate and external fixation. The evolution of treatment options for these fractures has been closely linked to developments in implant technology and surgical technique. Further developments in this area, particularly with respect to minimally invasive plating techniques and nail design are ongoing. The literature suggests that both intramedullary nail fixation and minimally invasive plating are appropriate management options for these fractures, but further studies are required to determine the superiority of one technique over the other.