Enteroscopy for the early detection of small bowel tumours in at-risk celiac patients

BackgroundA subset of celiac patients shows a high risk for small bowel malignancies.AimsTo select celiac patients considered at risk and evaluate the diagnostic yield of enteroscopy in this context.MethodsCeliac patients were enrolled from a tertiary referral centre during the period June 2011–June 2013, based on the following criteria: (i) patients diagnosed when aged 50+ and with poor response to gluten-free dieting; (ii) low dietary compliance; (iii) alarm symptoms. The patients underwent small bowel capsule endoscopy and/or double-balloon enteroscopy. Control populations were represented by the 165 non-celiac patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, and the 815,362-strong population of the Italian province of Varese as a registered cohort.ResultsFifty-three patients (19% males, mean age 43.6 ± 17.4 years) were evaluated. Two jejunal adenocarcinomas and one ileal neuro-endocrine tumour were diagnosed by enteroscopy (the diagnostic yield for malignancies in the selected population being 5.7%). In the non-celiac controls the detection rate of small bowel tumours by capsule endoscopy was 0.6% (P = 0.04). When compared to the registered population, the relative risk for intestinal malignancy was 1282 (95% CI, 407–4033; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCapsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy can be considered for early disease management of a subset of celiac patients.