Maintenance ribavirin monotherapy delays fibrosis progression in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C at high risk of progression

BackgroundFibrosis in liver transplant recipients with recurrent HCV is fast, yet, different patterns of progression are recognized.AimsTo investigate histological findings associated with maintenance ribavirin monotherapy in patients with recurrent HCV transplanted ≥4 years earlier.Methods14 recipients at high risk of progression (fibrosis progression rate >0.33 units/year and/or persistently elevated ALT) were assigned to receive ribavirin for 3 years. 11 patients at lower risk of progression (FPR ≤0.33 units/year and normal ALT) as controls. Biopsies were obtained yearly since transplant and 7 consecutive biopsies were evaluated.ResultsImproved necroinflammation (reduction ≥2 grading) was observed in 7 treated with ribavirin and 3 untreated patients, while 1 and 3 patients worsened respectively. Fibrosis improved (reduction >1 staging) in 2 ribavirin-treated patients, unchanged in 10 and worsened (increase ≥1 staging) in 2. Fibrosis progression decreased from 0.48 ± 0.27 observed during the 3-year pre-treatment period to 0.04 ± 0.31 units/year (p = 0.003) during the 3 years of ribavirin. Among untreated fibrosis remained unchanged in 1 and worsened in 10 (p < 0.001), yearly fibrosis progression rate increasing from 0.15 ± 0.17 units/year to 0.42 ± 0.39 units/year (p = 0.10).ConclusionsMaintenance ribavirin monotherapy delays fibrosis progression in high risk patients, offering an alternative strategy for those failing to respond to conventional treatment.