The early maladaptive schemas of an opioid-dependent sample of treatment seeking young adults: A descriptive investigation

Opioid dependence is an increasingly prevalent problem throughout the world, particularly for young adults (e.g., ages 17–25 years). Opioid dependence is associated with a wealth of negative consequences and is often a chronic, relapsing condition. Research on factors that may contribute to the etiology of opioid dependence could result in improved treatment outcomes. Using preexisting patient records, the current study examined early maladaptive schemas among young adult opioid-dependent residential treatment patients (N = 169), as it is theorized that early maladaptive schemas may underlie or maintain substance use. Results showed that all 18 early maladaptive schemas were endorsed at various levels among male and female patients, with insufficient self-control being the most prevalent schema. In addition, females scored significantly higher than males on 11 of the 18 schemas. Findings from the current study are discussed in terms of future research and implications for the treatment of opioid dependence.