کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
3295675 | 1209859 | 2011 | 12 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Tumor Microenvironment Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Tumor Microenvironment](/preview/png/3295675.png)
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine that has important roles in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. TGF-β is overproduced, and its signaling is deregulated, in a variety of human tumors, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and liver. Therapeutics are being developed to block TGF-β signaling. However, TGF-β also functions as a tumor suppressor in premalignant cells. It is not clear how its function changes from that of a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter; improvements are needed in our understanding of TGF-β functions in tumor development before we can design inhibitors for use as anticancer therapies. TGF-β regulates not only different tumor-cell autonomous signaling pathways, but also interactions between tumor and host cells, through paracrine mechanisms. We review recent findings about how TGF-β is regulated and its roles in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis, with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers. Improved understanding of TGF-β regulation and how it mediates interaction between cancer epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts will provide important insights into tumor development and progression.
Journal: Gastroenterology - Volume 141, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 1167–1178