Resistin in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relation to lupus nephritis and premature atherosclerosis

BackgroundLupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of SLE. SLE patients have a greater risk of developing premature atherosclerosis. Resistin is an adipocyte-secreted peptide. It has pro-inflammatory and atherogenic effects.Aim of the workTo assess the serum levels of resistin in SLE patients and to evaluate it as a marker of nephritis and premature atherosclerosis.Patients and methodsThis study included 50 SLE nonpregnant female adult (mean age 23.1 ± 6.9 years) patients as well as 40 healthy volunteers matched in age and sex as a control group. Serum levels of resistin were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients and controls underwent laboratory investigations and carotid duplex. Disease activity was assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal biopsy was performed for SLE patients with LN.ResultsThere was a highly statistically significant increase in mean serum resistin levels (14.1 ± 3.88 ng/ml) in patients versus the control group (6.44 ± 1.34 ng/ml) being more obvious in those with LN. Resistin had a significant positive correlation with markers of inflammation, SLEDAI and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).ConclusionSerum level of resistin may serve as a marker of LN and atherosclerosis in SLE patients. A more aggressive control of the underlying inflammatory process along with the control of traditional risk factors (hypertension and cholesterol) may be beneficial in reducing the risk factors of renal and atherosclerotic involvement in SLE. Therapeutic approaches with drugs that target resistin might be useful in the treatment of SLE.