Application of Human Leukocyte Antigen–G Expression in the Diagnosis of Human Cancer

It has been well known that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–G molecules are present in a variety of human neoplastic diseases, and the molecule may contribute to the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. Besides the studies that aim at elucidating the roles of HLA-G in immune regulation, the researches that focus on potential applications of HLA-G expression in cancer diagnosis represent another perspective in HLA-G research. This review summarizes those recent translational studies of HLA-G expression in the diagnosis of human cancer. Specifically, the promises and challenges for applying HLA-G expression to detect cancer in body fluids, to diagnose different types of human cancer and to predict clinical outcome in cancer patients will be briefly reviewed.