کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
3361613 1592045 2016 7 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The recent outbreaks and reemergence of poliovirus in war and conflict-affected areas
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
شیوع اخیر و ظهور ویروس در مناطق جنگ و مناطق جنگی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی میکروبیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی کاربردی
چکیده انگلیسی


• Polio was found to be high in areas with high levels of conflict and instability.
• Wars and conflict have also resulted in the reappearance of polio in countries that have been polio-free for decades.
• Conflict, political instability, hard-to-reach populations, and poor infrastructure continue to pose challenges to eradicating polio; each country has a unique set of challenges, which require local solutions.
• Vaccination problems in some of the endemic countries, in addition to environmental and demographic characteristics related to crowding, population movement and sanitation, are also likely to play a role in the spread of poliovirus.

SummaryBackgroundPoliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease caused by poliovirus, which becomes difficult to manage/eradicate in politically unstable areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the movement and management of such polio outbreaks in endemic countries and countries with reoccurring cases of polio and to determine the effect of political instability on polio eradication.MethodsIn this study, the extent of polio outbreaks was examined and modeled using statistical methodologies and mapped with GIS software. Data on polio cases and immunization were collected for countries with polio cases for the period 2011 to 2014. Weekly data from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative were collected for selected countries. The recent virus origin and current movement was mapped using GIS. Correlations between immunization rates, the Global Peace Index (GPI), and other indicators of a country's political stability with polio outbreaks were determined. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and ArcGIS 10.ResultsFor several reasons, Pakistan remains highly vulnerable to new incidences of polio (306 cases in 2014). Overall immunization rates showed a steady decline over time in selected countries. Countries with polio cases were shown to have high rates of infant mortality, and their GPI ranked between 2.0 and 3.3; displaced populations, level of violent crime rating, and political instability also were ranked high for several countries.ConclusionPolio was shown to be high in areas with increased conflict and instability. Displaced populations living in hard-to-reach areas may lack access to proper vaccination and health care. Wars and conflict have also resulted in the reemergence of polio in otherwise polio-free countries.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - Volume 49, August 2016, Pages 40–46
نویسندگان
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