Adenovirus related lymphohistiocytic hemophagocytosis: Case report and literature review

IntroductionAdenoviral infection is a classic cause of lymphohistiocytic hemophagocytosis (LH) in bone marrow transplantation but is rare outside this setting.Case reportA 31-year-old female, with a history of treated mesencephalic astrocytoma, was hospitalized for fever, pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Adenovirus viral load in blood was 7.3 × 109 copies/mL. Bone marrow aspirate examination confirmed LH. The patient recovered without specific LH or adenovirus-directed treatment.ConclusionAdenovirus-related LH, common in bone marrow transplant recipients, should also be considered in patients with chemotherapy in solid tumors.