Reflexive writers: Re-thinking writing development and assessment in schools

• Reflexivity is a powerful form of self-assessment in writing.
• Writers can be identified through preferred modes of reflexivity.
• Students can be taught to be meta-reflexive designers of text.
• Teachers can use specific strategies to target student writers’ reflexive modes.

Writing is a complex and highly individual activity, which is approached in different ways by different writers. Writers reflexively mediate subjective and objective conditions in specific and nuanced ways to produce a product in time and place. This paper uses a critical realist theory of reflexivity to argue that the teaching and assessment of writing must account for the different ways that students manage and make decisions in their writing. Data from linguistically and culturally diverse primary students in Australia are used to illustrate how four distinct reflexive modalities constitute the ways in which students approach writing. The paper offers a new approach to assessing writing for and of learning that considers writers as reflexive and agentic in different ways. It posits the importance of making visible and explicit the context and reflexive decision-making as writers shape a product for a purpose and audience.