Incidence of and risk for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in a representative sample of US Reserve and National Guard

PurposeWe aim to determine the incidence rates (IR) of first-ever post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a population-based cohort of US Reserve and National Guard service members.MethodsWe used data from the US Reserve and National Guard Study (n = 2003) to annually investigate incident and recurrent PTSD and depression symptoms from 2010 to 2013. We estimated the IR and recurrence rate over 4 years and according to several sociodemographic and military characteristics.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2013, IRs were 4.7 per 100 person-years for both PTSD and depression symptoms using the sensitive criteria, 2.9 per 100 person-years using the more specific criteria, recurrence rates for both PTSD and depression were more than 4 times as high as IRs, and IRs were higher among those with past-year civilian trauma, but not past-year deployment.ConclusionsThe finding that civilian trauma, but not past-year military deployment, is associated with an increased risk of PTSD and depression incidence suggest that Reserve National Guard psychopathology could be driven by other, nonmilitary, traumatic experiences.