Anti-arrhythmic Effects of κ-Opioid Receptor and Its Changes in Ischemia and Reperfusion

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether the κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR) is altered during ischemia and reperfusion. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate changes in the κ-OR. Additionally, the anti-arrhythmic effect induced by κ-OR stimulation was also determined during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R).MethodsRats were randomly divided into different groups according to two experimental protocols. The anti-arrhythmic effects of U50,488H, a selective κ-OR agonist, in an I/R model of 15-min ischemia were studied followed by 15 min of reperfusion. The content of κ-OR mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques in an I/R model of 30-min ischemia followed by 360 min of reperfusion.ResultsLimited numbers of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were revealed in the control group. Administration of U50,488H in the control group had no effect on occurrence of PVCs. Incidence of arrhythmia in the I/R group was significantly increased. Treated with U50,488H in the I/R group, the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly reduced. With prior use of nor-BNI, a selective κ-OR antagonist, the anti-arrhythmic effect of U50,488H was completely blocked. Compared with the control group, the content of κ-OR mRNA and the density of κ-OR protein increased significantly at 0 min, 60 min, and 180 min during reperfusion.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence for the first time that the expressions of κ-OR mRNA and protein are upregulated in the heart of I/R rats. This alteration may produce a strengthened anti-arrhythmic effect upon κ-OR stimulation during I/R.