Effect of Isometric Upper-Extremity Exercises on the Activation of Core Stabilizing Muscles

Tarnanen SP, Ylinen JJ, Siekkinen KM, Mälkiä EA, Kautiainen HJ, Häkkinen AH. Effect of isometric upper-extremity exercises on the activation of core stabilizing muscles.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether isometric exercises for the upper extremities could sufficiently activate core stabilizing muscles to increase muscle strength.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingDepartment of physical medicine and rehabilitation at a Finnish hospital.ParticipantsHealthy adult women (N=20).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPeak isometric strength of the back and abdominal muscles was measured and relative loading in 5 test exercises was evaluated by surface electromyography.ResultsThe rectus abdominis and obliquus externus abdominis were activated to the greatest degree in a bilateral shoulder extension exercise and the average surface electromyographic activity was 114% and 101% compared with the amplitude elicited during the maximal isometric trunk flexion exercise. Horizontal shoulder extension elicited the greatest activation of the longissimus and multifidus muscles. In this exercise, the activity levels of the left side multifidus and longissimus muscles were 84% and 69%, respectively, compared with the level of activity elicited during trunk extension.ConclusionsOf all the exercises studied, bilaterally performed isometric shoulder extension and unilaterally performed horizontal shoulder extension elicited the greatest levels of activation of the trunk musculature. Thus, it can be assumed that these exercises elicit sufficient levels of contraction of the trunk muscles for the development of their endurance and strength characteristics in rehabilitation.