Autism spectrum disorder in childhood

The term autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by problems with social communication and repetitive behaviours. These conditions are increasingly recognised and often associated with marked disability across the lifespan. Whilst the causes of ASD remain uncertain, it is clear that genetic factors play a major role. Diagnosis should take place following a multidisciplinary assessment which also identifies individual strengths and weaknesses. As yet, there is no cure for ASD, and few evidence-based options for the treatment of core-features – educational, behavioural and occasionally pharmacological interventions can be used to good effect.